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Catalog #
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DMG-2C19-200
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Size
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200 Reactions
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Store At
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-20°C
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Human cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is a member
of the monooxygenase superfamily of enzymes involved in drug
metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids.
It is expressed at lower levels in the liver than other CYP2C members1.
This subfamily comprises a cluster of four genes coding for
mephenytoin 4-hydroxylases which metabolize many endogenous compounds
and xenobiotics and are responsible for the metabolism of approximately
20% of therapeutic drugs2. Among the various substrates
of CYP2C19 are compounds such as arachidonic acid, and drugs such
as the antiulcer omeprazole, the antidepressant imiprammine, and the
antimalarial proguanil. Some chemicals can influence the activity of
this enzyme. For example, rifampin will induce CYP2C19, while
cimetidine will inhibit1. The CYP2C19 gene is polymorphic among
individuals and ethnic groups. Genetic changes can influence enzymatic
activity, and the resultant phenotypic changes are characterized
into poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolism2. For
example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been implicated
in the poor metabolizer phenotype in certain populations when
administered the anticonvulsant drug mephenytoin. This phenotype
appears in 2-6% of Caucasians and 18-23% of Orientals and can be
attributed to three genetic changes3. The gene is located on chromosome
10q24 and spans approximately 169 kb with 9 exons.
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